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SAINT JOHN CHRYSOSTOM

born in Antioch between 344 and 349 1 , and died in 407 near Comana , was Archbishop of Constantinople and one of the Fathers of the Greek Church . His eloquence is at the origin of his Greek epithet ??????????? ( chrysóstomos ), which literally means "to the golden mouth". The anaphora that is the heart of the most celebrated of the Divine Liturgies in the Byzantine Rite Churchesit is attributed to him. His rigor and his reforming zeal led him to exile and death.

As a saint and doctor of the Catholic Church , the Orthodox Church and the Coptic Church , John Chrysostom is celebrated on September 13 in the West and January 30 in the East.His family, Christian, belongs to the Antioch bourgeoisie . His father, an officer in the Syrian army , lost his life while Jean was still a child. He is raised by his mother. As a teenager, he would have received, according to some Christian writers of the v th  century, the teaching of the famous orator and teacher of rhetoric Libanius , but it is by no means assured, although it was certainly formed rhetoric. He testified that he led a disorderly youth and was "chained by the appetites of the world" ( From the Priesthood , I, 3), to accuse himself then of having been a gastronome, a lover of judicial eloquence and drama.

At the age of 18, he asks for baptism after meeting Bishop Mélèce . He then begins to take exegetical lessons with Diodorus of Tarsus . After finishing his studies , he received the minor orders , then settled as a hermit at the gates of Antioch, and devoted himself to theology. He then composed his treatise Du Priesthood , influenced by the ideas of Gregory Nazianzen . According to John, monasticismis not the only way to perfection. If the monk, leading a secluded life, far from temptations, can more easily reach his goal, John considers more deserving the way of the priest, who is dedicated in the midst of the perils of the world to the salvation of his neighbors (VI, 5):